Volume : 10, Issue : 12, DEC 2024

INDIA IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH: A RISING ECONOMIC POWER

EMPOWERING THE GLOBAL SOUTH: INDIA’S LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

R. K. SARAN, ASHWANI KUMAR

Abstract

The Global South faces significant challenges in achieving energy security, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic growth. Among these nations, India has emerged as a leading force in promoting sustainable development and energy conservation. This review article explores India’s impactful role in advancing practices aligned with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a focus on energy conservation, renewable energy adoption, and environmental stewardship. India's domestic achievements and regional contributions underscore its commitment to fostering resilience and sustainable growth. India’s advancements in energy sustainability are driven by progressive government policies, technological innovation, and community initiatives. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the National Solar Mission have spurred substantial renewable energy development, particularly in solar power. Now among the world’s top solar energy producers, India aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. Programs such as the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), providing clean cooking fuel to low-income households, illustrate India’s commitment to energy equity, public health improvement, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has further contributed to nationwide energy savings through stringent standards for appliances, industries, and buildings. India’s influence extends globally through partnerships and knowledge-sharing platforms, including the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and South-South Cooperation. These initiatives promote solar energy adoption, energy efficiency, and climate resilience across developing countries. Additionally, support from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) aids in building climate-adaptive infrastructure and sustainable agriculture systems. While challenges in financing and socio-economic transitions persist, India’s integrative approach, public-private partnerships, and community-focused strategies offer a model for sustainable development in the Global South. This review highlights India’s leadership in advancing equitable growth, environmental resilience, and sustainable practices across the region.

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