Volume : 4, Issue : 10, OCT 2018

DRIVERS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NATURAL FORCING AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES

S. KAUR

Abstract

The Earth’s climate system is governed by complex interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere, driven primarily by solar radiation. Variations in both external forcing and internal dynamics of these components lead to significant changes in climatic conditions across multiple temporal scales. Natural drivers such as orbital variations (Milankovitch cycles), tectonic processes, volcanic activity, and ocean–atmosphere interactions (e.g., ENSO and NAO) have historically shaped global climate patterns. In addition, atmospheric composition, particularly greenhouse gases and aerosols, plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s energy balance. In recent decades, anthropogenic activities—including fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, industrialization, and urbanization—have emerged as dominant forces altering the climate system through enhanced radiative forcing. These human-induced changes are superimposed on natural variability, intensifying global warming and influencing ecological systems, agriculture, and biodiversity. Understanding the interplay between natural processes and anthropogenic pressures is essential for accurately assessing current climate trends and predicting future scenarios. This study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to identify and evaluate the diverse agents of climate change in order to support effective mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE, NATURAL FORCING, ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES, GREENHOUSE GASES, AEROSOLS, MILANKOVITCH CYCLES, ENSO, RADIATIVE FORCING, GLOBAL WARMING, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE.

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