Volume : 8, Issue : 9, SEP 2022

IMPACTS OF PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ON ECOSYSTEM AND HUMAN HEALTH

DR. ARVIND KUMAR, PRABHASH KUMAR

Abstract

Plastic pollution, accumulation in the environment of synthetic plastic products to the point that they create problems for wildlife and their habitats as well as for human populations. In 1907 the invention of Bakelite brought about a revolution in materials by introducing truly synthetic plastic resins into world commerce. By the end of the 20th century, plastics had been found to be persistent polluters of many environmental niches, from Mount Everest to the bottom of the sea. Whether being mistaken for food by animals, flooding low-lying areas by clogging drainage systems, or simply causing significant aesthetic blight, plastics have attracted increasing attention as a large-scale pollutant.

Plastic pollution is a relatively new threat. Plastic only began to be widely used after World War II, but already the mass of all plastic ever produced is twice as high as the overall mass of all terrestrial and marine animals combined. Production has rocketed in the last decades.

Oceanic plastic pollution is not evenly distributed. Planetary hotspots include the five large ocean gyre systems (where the ‘garbage patches’ accumulate floating plastic debris), coastal and ocean areas near major emission points such as the deltas of large rivers that run through urban centers, coral reefs, mangroves, and the deep seafloor, especially canyons. of plastic pollution on the sustainability of seafood value chain. Global aquaculture production maintained relatively steady increase after year 2010. Plastic pollution can afflict oceans, land, and waterways. It is estimated that about 1.1 to 8.8 million metric tons of plastic waste enters the world ocean from coastal communities every year. Living organisms, mostly marine animals, can be injured either by the mechanical effects, such as the entanglement in plastic objects and problems related to the ingestion of plastic wastes, or via exposure to chemicals in plastics that interfere with their body physiology. Also, humans are affected by plastic pollution, by disruption of various hormonal mechanisms, etc.

Keywords

PLASTIC, OCEAN, POLLUTION, WILD LIFE, HUMAN AND WATER

Article : Download PDF

Cite This Article

Article No : 8

Number of Downloads : 539

References

  1. Haetrakul, T., Munanansup, S., Assawawong kasem, N., Chansue, N., 2009. A case report: Stomach foreign object in whaleshark (Rhincodon typus) stranded in Thailand. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Seastar 2000 and Asian Bio-Logging Science, 83–85.
  2. Wilcox, C., Van Sebille, E., Hardesty, B.D., 2015. Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (38), 11899-11904.
  3. Wilcox, C., Van Sebille, E., Hardesty, B.D., 2015. Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (38), 11899- 11904.
  4. Schuyler, Q.A., Wilcox, C., Townsend, K.A., Wedemeyer-Strombel, K.R., Balazs, G., van Sebille, E., Hardesty, B.D., 2015. Risk analysis reveals global hotspots for marine debris ingestion by sea turtles. Global Change Biology.
  5. Kasteleine, R. A., Lavaleye, M. S. S., 1992. Foreign bodies in the stomach of a female harbour porpoise (Phococena phococena) from the North Sea. Aquat Mamm 18, 40–46.
  6. Baird, R. W., Hooker, S. K., 2000. Ingestion of Plastic and Unusual Prey by a Juvenile Harbour Porpoise. Mar Pollut Bull 40 (8), 719–720.
  7. Barros, N. B., Odell, D. K., Patton, G. W., 1990. Ingestion of plastic debris by stranded marine mammals from Florida. In: Shomura, R. S., Godfrey, M. L. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 746.
  8. Lusher, A.L., Hernandez-Milian, G., Berrow, S., Rogan, E., O’Connor, I., 2018. Incidence of marine debris in cetaceans stranded and bycaught in Ireland: Recent findings and a review of historical knowledge. Environmental Pollution 232 (Supplement C), 467-476.
  9. Byrd, B. L., Hohn, A. A., Lovewell, G. N., Altman, K. M., Barco, S. G., Friedlaender, A., Harms, C. A., McLellan, W. A., Moore, K. T., Rosel, P. E., 2014. Strandings as indicators of marine mammal biodiversity and human interactions off the coast of North Carolina. Fish Bull 112 (1), 1–23.
  10. Mathalon, A., Hill, P., 2014. Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia. Mar Pollut Bull 81 (1), 69–79.
  11. Shobha ray, serghati nishu, pollution create by family, start 2013- end 17 April 2022 Book. Pg- 13(10)1989, hotspot.
  12. Li, J., Qu, X., Su, L., Zhang, W., Yang, D., Kolandhasamy, P., Li, D., Shi, H., 2016a. Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China. Environ Pollut 214, 177–184.
  13. Qu, X., Su, L., Li, H., Liang, M., Shi, H., 2018. Assessing the relationship between the abundance and properties of microplastics in water and in mussels. Sci Total Environ 621, 679–686.
  14. Zeytin, S., Wagner, G., Mackay-Roberts, N., Gerdts, G., Schuirmann, E., Klockmann, S., Slater, M., 2020. Quantifying microplastic translocation from feed to the fillet in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Mar Pollut Bull 156, 111210.
  15. Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Choo, C. K., Larat, V., Karbalaei, S., Salamatinia, B., 2018. Microplastic and mesoplastic contamination in canned sardines and sprats. Sci Total Environ 612, 1380–1386.
  16. Lamb, J. B., Willis, B. L., Fiorenza, E. A., Couch, C. S., Howard, R., Rader, D. N., True, J. D., Kelly, L. A., Ahmad, A., Jompa, J., Harvell, C. D., 2018. Plastic waste associated with disease on coral reefs. Science 359 (6374), 460–462.
  17. Al-Jufaili, S., Al-Jabri, M., Al-Baluchi, A., Baldwin, R. M., Wilson, S. C., West, F., Matthews, A. D., 1999. Human Impacts on Coral Reefs in the Sultanate of Oman. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 49, 65–74.
  18. Angiolillo, M., Lorenzo, B. D., Farcomeni, A., Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Santangelo, G., Cau, A., Mastas-cusa, V., Cau, A., Sacco, F., Canese, S., 2015. Distribution and assessment of marine debris in the deep Tyrrhenian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea, Italy). Mar Pollut Bull 92 (1–2), 149–159.
  19. Tang, J., Wu, Z., Wan, L., Cai, W., Chen, S., Wang, X., Luo, J., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Lin, S., 2021. Differential enrichment and physiological impacts of ingested microplastics in scleractinian corals in situ. J Hazard Mater 404 (Pt B), 124205.
  20. Luo, Y. Y., Not, C., Cannicci, S., 2021. Mangroves as unique but understudied traps for anthropogenic marine debris: a review of present information and the way forward. Environ Pollut 271, 116291 69 Suyadi, N., Manullang, C. Y., 2020. Distribution of plastic debris pollution and it is implications on mangrove vegetation. Mar Pollut Bull 160, 111642.
  21. Hohn, S., et al., The long-term legacy of plastic mass production. Sci. Total Environ., 2020. 746: p. 141115.
  22. Cordier, M. and T. Uehara, How much innovation is needed to protect the ocean from plastic contamination? Sci. Total. Environ., 2019. 670: p. 789-799.
  23. Morrison, E., et al., Evaluating The Ocean Clean up, a marine debris removal project in the North Pacific Gyre, using SWOT analysis. Case Stud. Environ., 2019. 3(1): p. 1-6.
  24. Padervand, M., et al., Removal of microplastics from the environment. A review. Environ. Chem. Lett., 2020. 18(3): p. 807-828.