KISAN ANDOLAN AUR KISAN VIMARSH : EK ADHYAYAN

bhaarat krshi pradhaan desh hai isee kaaran mahaatma gaandhee ne kaha tha ki bhaarat kee aatma gaanv mein basatee hai. praacheen kaal se hee jeevika ka aadhaar krshi rahee hai. parantu paraadheenata ke samay mein kisaanon aur krshi kee haalat theek nahin rahee. british kaal mein angrejon ne bhaarat kee lagaan paddhati mein anek parivartan kie. sthaee bandobast, raiyatavaadee, mahaalavaaree vyavastha ne jameendaaron ko kisaanon se lagaan vasool karane ke aseem adhikaar die. in sabhee vyavasthaon ne kisaanon va shaasan vyavastha ke beech madhyasthon kee sankhya mein vrddhi kar dee. in kaaranon se kisaan saahookaaron ke byaaj ke makadajaal jaal mein phanse lage aur dheere-dheere jameen se haath dhone lage. in sthitiyon mein kisaanon ne sarakaar ke khilaaph aandolan shuroo kie . svatantrata praapti se poorv anek aandolan kisaanon ne kie. svatantrata ke baad sarakaaron ne kisaanon ke lie hitakaaree neetiyaan nahin banaee. audyogikaran, bhautikata ke prabhaav ke kaaran krshi aur kisaanon ko haashie par la diya. samaaj ke saath-saath saahity mein bhee kisaanon ko bahut adhik mahatv nahin diya gaya. ekaadh rachanaon ko chhodakar kisaanon ke naam par koee vimarsh nahin tha. aaj aadhunik kavita aur gady mein kisaan vimarsh uth khada hua hai. jis prakaar svatantrataapoorv kisaan aandolan ne british sarakaar ko apanee aavaaj sunaee thee, isee prakaar kisaan vimarsh vartamaan mein kisaanon kee samasya buland kar raha hai .

1. sumit sarakaar, hindee anuvaad susheela dobhaal - aadhunik bhaarat (1885-1947), raajakamal prakaashan, naee dillee, 1998, prshth 49

2. do aar.en. chaudharee - bhaarat ka aadhunik itihaas, ratan prakaashan mandir, aagara, 1996, prshth 66

3. vipin chandr - aadhunik bhaarat ka itihaas, oriyant blaikasvon ,2015 prshth 176

4. vidyaadhar mahaajan - aadhunik bhaarat ka itihaas (1707 se aaj tak), es chand end kampanee limited, 2018, raamanagar, naee dillee, prshth 740

5. do aar.en. chaudharee - bhaarat ka aadhunik itihaas, ratan prakaashan mandir, aagara, 1996, prshth 66

6. vipin chandr - aadhunik bhaarat ka itihaas, oriyant blaikasvon, 2015 prshth 81

7. sumit sarakaar, hindee anuvaad susheela dobhaal - aadhunik bhaarat (1885-1947), raajakamal prakaashan, naee dillee, 1998, prshth 261

8. raamavilaas sharma premachand aur unaka yug raajakamal prakaashan naee dillee 1993 prshth 44

9. naamavar sinh (sampaadak)- naagaarjun kee pratinidhi kavitaen, raajakamal pepar baiks, naee dillee, prshth 98

10. kedaaranaath agravaal - pratinidhi kavitaen, sampaadak ashok tripaathee, raajakamal prakaashan, naee dillee, 2016, prshth 30

11. paandey mainejar sharma - hindee kavita ka ateet aur vartamaan, vaanee prakaashan, nayee dillee, 2013, prshth 113

12. trilochan - digant, jagat shankhadhar, vaaraanasee, sanvat 1957, prshth 25