Volume : 4, Issue : 3, MAR 2018

LEADERSHIP AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AMONG SMES IN IRAQ.

SUHAIL AL-TIMIMI

Abstract

The effect of Leadership on Financial performance has been extensively researched over the past two decades with authors generally agreeing on its positive outcome. It appears however that previous studies placed much emphasis on its applications in large scale organizations. The main aim of these studies was to identify practices that have an effect on performance of large organization such as Leadership on the Financial performance. The review of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) literature reveals limited research has attempted to investigate the Effect of Leadership on the Financial performance in SMEs, particularly in the Iraq context. The primary objectives of this research is to determine the Effect of Leadership on the Financial performance on the SMEs Performance. Subsequently, understanding of effects that need to be addressed will be reviewed.

Article : Download PDF

Cite This Article

Article No : 10

Number of Downloads : 1097

References

1. Adam, E. E. (1994). Alternative quality im-provement practices and organization per-formance. Journal of Operations Management, 12(1), 27-44. 2. Ahire, S. L., Golhar, D. Y., & Waller, M. A. (1996). Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs. Decision Sciences, 27(1), 23-56. 3. Aliabadi, Sara, Dorestani, Alireza & Balsara, Nauzer. (2013). The Most Value Relevant Accounting Performance Measure by Industry. Journal of Accounting and Finance vol. 13(1) 4. Al-Swidi, A. K., & Mahmood, R. (2012). Total quality management, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance: The role of organizational culture. African Journal of Business Management, 6(13), 4717-4727. 5. Anderson, M., & Sohal, A. S. (1999). A study of the relationship between quality management practices and performance in small businesses. International Journal of quality & Reliability management, 16(9), 859-877. 6. Avolio, B. J., & Kahai, S. S. (2003). Adding the “E” to e-leadership: How it may impact your leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31, 325?338. 7. Berry, M 1998, ‘Strategic Planning in Small High Tech Companies’, Long Range Planning, 31 (3), 455-466. 8. Bracker, JS, Keats, BW & Pearson, JN 1988, ‘Planning and Financial Performance Among Small Firms in a Growth Industry’, Strategic Management Journal, 9 (6), 591-603. 9. Brouthers, KD, Andriessen, F & Nicolaes, I 1998, ‘Driving Blind: Strategic Decisionmaking in Small Companies’, Long Range Planning, 31 (1), 130-138. 10. Bryson, J. M. (1988). A strategic planning process for public and non-profit organiza-tions. Long Range Planning, 21(1), 73-81. 11. Carland, JC & Carland,JW 2003, ‘A Model of Entrepreneurial Planning and its Effect on Performance’, paper presented at the ASBE Annual Conference - Building Bridges to the Future, Houston, Texas. 12. Chandler, A. D. (2009). Shaping the industrial century: the remarkable story of the evolution of the modern chemical and pharmaceutical industries (Vol. 46). Harvard University Press. 13. Cua, K.O., Mc Kone, K.E. and Schoreder, R.G. 2001. Relationship between implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM and manufacturing performance. Journal of Operations Management, Vol.19, pp.675-694. 14. Demirbag, M., Koh, S. C. L., Tatoglu, E., & Zaim, S. (2006). TQM and market orientation's impact on SMEs' performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(8), 1206-1228. 15. Flin, R., & Yule, S. (2004). Leadership for safety: industrial experience. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 13(suppl 2), ii45-ii51. 16. Fotopoulos, C. B., & Psomas, E. L. (2009). The impact of ?soft? and ?hard? TQM elements on quality management results. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 26(2), 150-163. 17. Huang, R., Kahai, S., & Jestice, R. (2010). The contingent effects of leadership on team collaboration in virtual teams. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1098-1110. 18. Judge, W. Q., & Douglas, T. J. (1998). Per-formance implications of incorporating natural environmental issues into the strategic planning process: an empirical assessment. Journal of management studies, 35(2), 241-262. 19. Ke, W., & Wei, K. K. (2008). Organizational culture and leadership in ERP implementation. Decision Support Systems, 45(2), 208-218. 20. Khdair, W. A., Shamsudin, F. M., & Subra-manim, C. Improving safety performance by understanding relationship between management practices and leadership behavior in the oil and gas industry in Iraq: A proposed model. health, 22, 23. International Conference on Management and Artificial Intelligence IPEDR vol.6 (2011) © (2011)IACSIT Press, Bali, Indonesia 21. Kongolo, M. (2010). Job creation versus job shedding and the role of SMEs in economic development. African Journal of Business Management, 4(11), 2288-2295. 22. Kotter, J. (1990). A force for change: How leadership differs from management. New York: The Free Press 23. Lai, M. C. (2003). An investigation into the relationship between Total Quality manage-ment Practice and Performance in a Taiwan Public Hospital. Australian Catholic University. 24. Liao, S. H., & Wu, C. C. (2009). The relationship among knowledge management, organizational learning, and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(4), P64. 25. Mohd Shariff, M.N. Peou, C. Ali, J. (2010). "Moderating Effect of Government Policy on Entrepreneurship and Growth Performance of Small-Medium Enterprises in Cambodia." International Journal of Business and Management Science 3(1): 57. 26. Mohd Shariff, M. N. M. and C. Peou (2008). "The relationship of entrepreneurial values, firm financing and the management and growth performance of small-medium enter-prises in Cambodia." Problems and Perspec-tives in Management Volume 6, Issue 4. 27. Motwani, J. G., Mahmoud, E., & Rice, G. (1994). Quality Practices of Indian Organizations:: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 28. Motwani, J. 2001. Critical factors and performance measures of TQM. The TQM Magazine, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 292-300. Oakland, J.S. 1993. Total Quality Management: The Route to Improving Performance, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford 11(1), 38-52. 29. Munizu, M. (2013). The Impact of Total Quality Management Practices towards Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance: Case of Fishery Industry in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences. 7, 184-197. 30. Njanja W L, Pellisier R and Ogutu M. (2010). An Investigation into the Effect of Manage-ment Factors on Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management. 5 (11). 31. Onugu, B. A. N. (2005). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. St. Clements University, Nigeria (Unpublished Dissertation for a Doctor of Philosophy in Management Award. 32. Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization studies, 24(3), 403-441. 33. Powell, T. C. (1995). Total quality management as competitive advantage: a review and empirical study. Strategic Management Journal, 16(1), 15-37. 34. Rahman, S. U. (2001). Total quality management practices and business outcome: Evidence from small and medium enterprises in Western Australia. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 12(2), 201-210. 35. Ramanujam, V., Venkatraman, N. & Camillus, J. (1986). Multi-objective assessment of effectiveness of strategic planning: A discriminant analysis approach. Accrdensy c$Mancrgement Journcd. 29: 347-372. 36. Robbins, S.P. (2001). Organizational Behavior. (9td ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc 37. Salaheldin, S. I. (2009). Critical success factors for TQM implementation and their impact on performance of SMEs. International journal of productivity and performance management, 58(3), 215-237. 38. Samat, N., Ramayah, T., & Saad, N. M. (2006). TQM practices, service quality, and market orientation: Some empirical evidence from a developing country. Management Research News, 29(11), 713-728. 39. Sana, A. U. and A. A. Abbas (2005). "The SME sector in Iraq: A key resource to short-term income generation and longer-term development." International Labour Office Geneva. 40. Sitharam, S. & Hoque, M. (2016). Factors affecting the performance of small and medium enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management,14 ( 2), 277-288. 41. Talib, M. F., Rahman, Z., & Qureshi, M. (2011). Analysis of interaction among the barriers to total quality management implementation using interpretive structural modeling approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(4), 6-6. 42. Talib, F., Rahman, Z., & Qureshi, M. (2010). Integrating Total Quality Management and Supply Chain Management: Similarities and Benefits. Journal of Supply Chain Manage-ment, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p26-44. 43. Talib, F., Rahman, Z., & Qureshi, M. (2010). The relationship between total quality man-agement and quality performance in the service industry: a theoretical model. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010, pp. 113-128.. 44. Terziovski, M. and Samson, D. (1999). The link between total quality management practice and organizational performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 16 (3), 201-210 45. Ulst, I., & Raa, R. (2003). Basel II and Lending to SMEs: What Lies Ahead? EBS REVIEW, 62. 46. United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (2010). Investor Guide to Iraq. 47. Venkatraman, N. & Ramanujam. V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. The Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 801-814. 48. Waldman, D.A. (1993) A theoretical consideration of leadership and total quality management, Leadership Quarterly, 4(1), pp. 65–79. 49. Walley, K. (2000). TQM in non-manufacturing SMEs: evidence from the UK farming sector. International Small Business Journal, 18(4), 46. 50. Wamono, R. N., Kikabi, P., & Mugisha, J. (2012). Constraints and Opportunities for SMEs Investment in Uganda’s Oil and Gas Sector. Investment Climate and Business En-vironmental Research fund. 51. Watson, J., Kober, R., Ng, J., & Subramaniam, T. (2003, September). The impact of TQM adoption on SME financial performance. In 16th Annual Conference of Small. 52. Yang, C., Wang, S. Chang, S. Guo, and M. Huang, (2010) “A Study on the Leadership Behavior, Safety Culture, and Safety Performance of the Healthcare Industry,” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology L: Educational and Psychological Sciences, 2, pp.87-94.