Volume : 10, Issue : 9, SEP 2024

AMERICA AUR BHARAT MEIN RASHTRAPATI CHUNAV PRANALI : EK TULNATMAK ADHYAYAN

NARPAT KUMAR

Abstract

lokatantr kee avadhaarana mein chunaav ek mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaate hain, kyonki yah prakriya sarakaar kee vaidhata, paaradarshita aur janapratinidhitv ko sunishchit karatee hai. bhaarat aur amerika donon hee vishv ke pramukh lokataantrik raashtr hain, lekin unakee raajaneetik pranaaliyaan aur raashtrapati chunaav kee prakriyaen ek-doosare se bhinn hain. amerika mein raashtrapati pranaalee (praisidaintial systaim) laagoo hai, jahaan raashtrapati raashtr aur sarakaar donon ka pramukh hota hai, jabaki bhaarat mein sansadeey pranaalee (parliamaintary systaim) apanaee gaee hai, jisamen raashtrapati ek sanvaidhaanik pramukh hota hai aur kaaryakaaree shakti pradhaanamantree tatha mantriparishad ke paas hotee hai. amerika mein raashtrapati ka chunaav pratyaksh pranaalee se nahin hota, balki ek jatil "nirvaachak mandal pranaalee" (ailaichtoral chollaigai systaim) ke maadhyam se kiya jaata hai. pratyek raajy ko usakee janasankhya ke aadhaar par nirvaachak aavantit kie jaate hain, aur ye nirvaachak janata dvaara chune jaate hain. adhikaansh raajyon mein "winnair takais all" pranaalee laagoo hotee hai, jisamen jis ummeedavaar ko raajy mein adhikatam mat milate hain, use us raajy ke sabhee nirvaachak mat praapt hote hain. isake baad nirvaachak mandal ke sadasy apane mat daalate hain, aur jis ummeedavaar ko 270 ya adhik nirvaachak mat milate hain, use raashtrapati ghoshit kar diya jaata hai. isake vipareet, bhaarat mein raashtrapati ka chunaav pooree tarah se apratyaksh pranaalee ke maadhyam se hota hai. bhaarat mein raashtrapati ko janata dvaara nahin, balki ek nirvaachak mandal dvaara chuna jaata hai, jisamen sansad ke donon sadanon (lokasabha aur raajyasabha) ke nirvaachit sadasy tatha raajyon aur kendr shaasit pradeshon kee vidhaanasabhaon ke nirvaachit sadasy shaamil hote hain. pratyek saansad aur vidhaayak ke mat ka mooly bhinn hota hai, jo unakee janasankhya aur pratinidhitv ke aadhaar par tay kiya jaata hai. yah chunaav ekal sankramaneey mat pranaalee (singlai transfairablai votai systaim) ke tahat hota hai, jisa

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References

1. Constitution of India – Dr. Subhash Kashyap
2. Comparative Government and Politics – Rod Hague & Martin Harrop
3. Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction – David Farrell
4. The Federalist Papers – Alexander Hamilton, James Madison & John Jay
5. Official Election Commission of India
6. US Presidential Election System – US Election Commission